Support and defend the Constitution of the
United States against all enemies
Protect the United States, its possessions, and
areas vital to its interests
Advance the policies and interests of the United
States
Safeguard the internal security of the United
States
The DoD is headed by the SECDEF, who is
appointed to the Presidents cabinet and the National
Cabinet Security Counsel.
Secretary of Defense
The National Security Act Amendments of 1949
redesignated the National Military Establishment as
the Department of Defense and established it as an
executive department with the SECDEF as its head.
Since that time, many legislative and administrative
changes have occurred, evolving the department into
the structure under which it currently operates.
Under the President, the SECDEF, by virtue of an
executive order, has responsibility for all the
Presidents functions involving the DoD. Those
functions include the Presidents powers, duties, and
authorities. As the Presidents principal assistant in
DoD matters, the SECDEF reports to the President on
all DoD military matters. SECDEF authority includes
the separately organized military departments of the
Army, Navy, and Air Force; the Joint Chiefs of Staff;
the unified combatant commands; and various defense
agencies established for specific purposes. The
SECDEF is the principal defense policy adviser to the
President. SECDEF is responsible for the formulation
of general defense policy and policy related to DoD,
for the execution of approved policy, and for exercising
direction, authority, and control over the DoD.
Under the SECDEF, each military department (the
Department of the Navy [DoN] includes naval aviation
and the United States Marine Corps) is separately
organized under its own secretary and functions under
the authority, direction, and control of the SECDEF.
The secretary of each military department is
responsible to the SECDEF for the operation and
efficiency of his or her respective department. Orders
to the military departments are issued by the SECDEF
through the secretaries of these departments, or their
designees, under authority specifically delegated in
writing by the SECDEF, or provided by law. The
commanders of the unified combatant commands are
responsible to the President and the SECDEF for
accomplishing the military missions assigned to them
and exercising command authority over forces
assigned to them. The operational chain of command
runs from the President to the SECDEF to the
commanders of the unified combatant commands. The
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff functions within
the chain of command by transmitting the orders of the
President or the SECDEF to the commanders of the
unified combatant commands.
Joint Chiefs of Staff
The Joint Chiefs of Staff consist of the Chairman;
the Vice Chairman; the Chief of Staff, U. S. Army; the
Chief of Naval Operations; the Chief of Staff, U.S. Air
Force; and the Commandant of the Marine Corps.
Supported, subject to the authority of the chairman, by
the Joint Staff, they constitute the immediate military
staff of the SECDEF. The chairman is the principal
military adviser to the President, the National Security
Council, and the SECDEF. The chairman is appointed
by the President with approval from Congress. The
other members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff are military
advisers who may provide additional information upon
request from the President, the National Security
Council, or the SECDEF. They also may submit their
advice when it does not agree with that of the
Chairman. The vice chairman of the joint chiefs acts as
chairman in the absence of the chairman. Subject to the
authority of the President and the SECDEF, the
chairman is responsible for the following:
Assisting the President and the SECDEF in
providing for the strategic direction and
planning of the armed forces
Allocating resources to fulfill strategic plans
Comparing the capabilities of American and
allied armed forces with those of potential
adversaries
Preparing and reviewing contingency plans that
conform to policy guidance from the President
and the SECDEF
Preparing joint logistic and mobility plans to
support contingency plans
Recommending assignment of logistic and
mobility responsibilities to the armed forces to
fulfill logistic and mobility plans
The chairman advises the SECDEF on critical
deficiencies and strengths in force capabilities
5-3