Article 141.4 requires all personnel to “show in themselves a good example of subordination, courage, zeal, sobriety, neatness, and attention to duty. All persons in the naval service shall aid, to the utmost of their ability and extent of their authority, in maintaining good order and discipline as well as other matters concerned with efficiency of the command.” The extent of the authority given to naval personnel to fulfill their general duties is set forth in article 1020 of United States Navy Regulations (Navy Regs). Article 1020 gives all persons in the naval service the right to exercise authority over all subordinate personnel. This authority is supported by article 1122, which charges all persons within the naval service to obey readily and strictly, and to execute promptly, lawful orders of their superiors. Organizational Organizational authority held by all officers and petty officers is derived from each person’s assigned billet within a particular command. Command organizational structure is based on guidance from the Standard Organization and Regulations of the U.S. Navy (SORN), OPNAVINST 3120.32B. The organizational structure is set forth by the organizational manual for each command, department, and division. The organizational structure defines the levels of organization to which each is subordinate. It also invests in each level the authority that is necessary to fulfill assigned duties and responsibilities. The source of this authority rests in article 1037 of Navy Regs. Article 1037 grants petty officers at each level the necessary authority for the performance of their duties. LIMITATIONS OF AUTHORITY Authority includes the right to require actions of others. Actions of others are directed by oral or written orders that are subject to general LIMITATIONS of AUTHORITY. Orders must be lawful since subordinates are only required to obey lawful orders (article 1132, Navy Regs). Orders must not be characterized by harsh or erratic conduct or abusive language (article 1023, Navy Regs). Since authority is given only to fulfill duties and responsibilities, only the authority necessary to complete the tasks assigned can be delegated; authority should never be delegated beyond the lowest level of competence. Punishment may only be awarded through the judicial process or nonjudicially through article 15 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ). Authority to administer nonjudicial punishment is carefully reserved by the UCMJ for certain commanders, commanding officers, and officers in charge. Petty officers have authority to take certain measures to correct minor infractions that do not merit punishment under article 15. They have authority to correct subordinates who are deficient in the performance of their military duties and in the performance of their work assignments. However, many petty officers do not understand what measures they may take to correct their subordinates. As a result each command differs in the application of these measures, and petty officers do not always know the extent of their authority. As a leading petty officer, you should be thoroughly familiar with the tools available to you to correct military deficiencies in your personnel. You should also know the proper procedures for applying these corrective measures. Two of the most common measures used to correct  military  duty  deficiencies  are  the withholding of privileges and extra military instruction (EMI). Another measure that is corrective in nature, but is not used to correct a deficiency, is the extension of working hours. These three management tools are discussed in the following  paragraphs. Extra Military Instruction People often confuse EMI and extra duty. Extra duty is work assigned that is completely outside one’s normal duties. Extra duty is punitive in the legal sense and is only awarded as nonjudicial punishment or as a result of a court- martial. EMI is a lesson in a phase of military duty designed to correct a deficiency of performance. EMI is nonpunitive in the legal sense and is sanctioned by the Manual for Courts-Martial (MCM); however,   it  may  be  viewed  as inconvenient or unpleasant. EMI is assigned informally, usually by the division chief if authorized by the commanding officer. EMI can only be given to correct an observed deficiency logically related to the deficiency. It is a bona fide training device intended to improve the efficiency of a command or unit. EMI within the Navy is assigned, when required, with the following limitations: It will not normally be assigned for more than 2 hours per day. 4-2