person of the limits of the arrest. The order of arrest may be oral or written. A person to be confined is placed under guard and taken to the place of confinement. Art. 12. Confinement with Enemy Prisoners Prohibited No member of the armed forces may be p l a c e d   i n   c o n fi n e m e n t   i n   i m m e d i a t e association  with  enemy  prisoners  or  other foreign nationals not members of the armed forces. Members of the armed forces may be confined in the same jails, prisons, or other confinement facilities, however, so long as they are separated from the other categories mentioned. Art. 13. Punishment Prohibited Before Trial No person, while being held for trial, may be subjected to punishment or penalty other than arrest or confinement upon the charges pending against him, nor shall the arrest or confinement imposed upon him be any more rigorous  than  the  circumstances  required  to ensure his presence, but he may be subjected to minor  punishment  during  that  period  for infractions of discipline. The minor punishment permitted under article 13 includes that authorized for violations of discipline set forth by the place in which the person is confined. The article does not prevent a person from being required to do ordinary cleaning or policing or from taking part in routine training and duties not involving the bearing of arms. Art. 14. Delivery of Offenders to Civil Authorities (a)   U n d e r  s u c h  r e g u l a t i o n s  a s  t h e Secretary concerned may prescribe, a member of  the  armed  forces  accused  of  an  offense against civil authority may be delivered, upon request, to the civil authority for trial. (b)   When  delivery  under  this  article  is made  to  any  civil  authority  of  a  person undergoing  sentence  of  a  court-martial,  the delivery, if followed by conviction in a civil tribunal,  interrupts  the  execution  of  the sentence of the court-martial, and the offender after having answered to the civil authorities for this  offense  shall,  upon  the  request  of competent  military  authority,  be  returned  to military  custody  for  the  completion  of  his sentence. Art. 15. Commanding Officer’s Nonjudicial Punishment Article  15  explains  commanding  officers’ n o n j u d i c i a l   p u n i s h m e n t .   Fo r   s o m e   o ff e n s e s , commanders  may  offer  an  article  15  instead  of court-martial. If accepted, the commander may impose punishment  as  permitted  by  regulations  (usually  at captain’s  mast).  Receiving  an  article  15  is  not  a conviction, and it does not give a person a criminal record. This article will be explained in greater detail later in this chapter under “Nonjudicial Punishment.” Art. 25. Who May Serve on Courts-Martial A n y c o m m i s s i o n e d o ffi c e r, i n c l u d i n g commissioned warrant officers, on active duty with the armed forces is eligible to serve on a court-martial. Any warrant officer on active duty with the armed forces is eligible to serve on a general court-martial (GCM) and special court-martial (SPCM) for the trial of any person, other than a commissioned officer. Any enlisted person on active duty with the armed forces who is not a member of the same unit as the accused is eligible to serve on general and special courts-martial for the trial of enlisted persons. However, enlisted personnel may serve as a member of a court-martial only if, before the assembling of such court, the accused has personally requested in writing that enlisted personnel serve as members of the court. Art. 27. Detail of Trial Counsel and Defense Counsel Each general and special court-martial must have a trial counsel and a defense counsel, with such assistants as the convening authority deems necessary. The terms counsel, trial counsel, and   defense counsel   should be interpreted to mean the detailed counsel named in the 2-19 Student Notes: