appropriate chemical tests fail to give a positiveresponse for a residual agent. Decontamination at navalshipyards, advanced bases, or by shore-based personnelwill normally be of the 100% chemically complete type.This level is not mission essential for shipboard units.DECONTAMINATION OF THE SHIPThe purpose of decontamination is to remove orreduce CBR contamination so that the ship can carry outits mission without danger to the life or health of itscrew. Each type of contamination requires differentdecontamination procedures. Radiological (nuclear)contamination may be removed by washing it over theside; CW agents may be neutralized; BW agents mustbe destroyed.Nuclear Radiation DecontaminationComplete decontamination of a ship usuallyrequires the service of a shipyard. However, radiationlevels can be reduced by shipboard personnel to thepoint where radiation no longer presents a serioushazard to the crew. Most of the radioactive particles canbe removed by washing down the ship. Two washdownmethods are used—mechanical and manual.MECHANICAL METHOD.—The mechanicalmethod, called the ship’s water washdown system,consists of a system of piping and nozzles that spraywater over all weather surfaces. Water is supplied by thefire main.NOTEThe washdown system actually is a preventivemeasure against fallout, rather than adecontamination method, because normally thesystem is activated before the ship enters thefallout area.The water spray carries away the radioactiveparticles as they fall on the ship. At the same time, theflowing water fills in the cracks and crevices so that theparticles that do get through the spray cannot settle intothe cracks and crevices.MANUAL METHOD.—If parts of the ship arecontaminated before the washdown system is turned on,water from the sprinklers may not effectively reduce theradioactivity because the slowly flowing water doesn’thave enough force to wash away the particles. The areasof heavy contamination must be hosed down with waterunder pressure. Hosing and scrubbing down the ship isthe manual method.Decontamination teams are formed to hose andscrub down the ship. A team usually consists of sixpeople—the monitor, who is in charge; two hosemen;and three other team members. The hosemen washdown the hot spots with fire hoses, moving from theareas of less contamination toward areas of greatercontamination, and working from top to bottom. Thenthe areas are scrubbed by the remaining team memberswith soap or detergent and water and are rinsed byhosing (fig. 13-11). The hosing-scrubbing-hosingcontinues until monitoring shows that contamination isremoved or at least reduced to a safe level. Keep thecontaminated water away from vent systems, doors, andhatches, because washing away the particles does notdestroy them; they are simply being moved over theside.BW and CW DecontaminationBW decontamination means eliminating thesources of infection. Using a chemical disinfectant isthe most effective way to decontaminate BW agents.The type of disinfectant depends on the agent, thematerial to be decontaminated, and sometimes the area.Other methods include burning, dry heat, and moistheat. Burning usually is unsatisfactory because itnaturally destroys surface material. An example of dryheat is a hot air oven set at 180. Moist heat includes hotwater or steam under pressure. Sunlight also is effectivein reducing BW contamination. The ultraviolet rays ofthe sun kill most BW agents.In CW decontamination, weather alone is thesimplest means. Bright sunlight is a decontaminant,even in cold weather. However, lack of time,unfavorable weather, or contamination of critical areasmay require a faster method. Enclosed spaces can besteamed. All spaces can be treated with liquiddetergents. Water alone is often satisfactory as aflushing agent; hot water or steam is better than coldwater.13-24Student Notes:
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