Figure 4-1.-Gantt chart.consideration to the range or life-span of a plan as well.Plans come in three basic sizes with respect to range:(1) long-range plans, (2) intermediate-range plans, and(3) short-range plans.LONG-RANGE PLANSLong-range plans run for 2 or more years andsometimes as long as 30 years. Five-year plans for newconstruction, manpower, and weapons procurementtypically fall into this category. Long-range plans reflectthe big picture and are generally reserved for top-levelmanagers. These are the plans people are least likely tounderstand completely. Another name for long-rangeplans is strategic plans.INTERMEDIATE-RANGE PLANSIntermediate-range plans span 1 to 3 years.Maintenance improvement, weapons systems upgrade,and local manpower plans are typical examples ofintermediate-range plans. Intermediate-range planningis normally associated with staff, department, andsometimes division managers.SHORT-RANGE PLANSManagement forms short-range plans at all levels.They are, however, normally associated with managersat the division, branch, and work center levels.Implementation of new policies, work assignments, andtraining syllabi are typical short-range plans. Thesecover a time span from 1 day to 1 year.TIMELINE (GANTT) CHARTSHenry L. Gantt, in the late 19th century and early20th century, refined methods of using graphics to plan,track, and improve performance. Management uses theGantt chart extensively in project planning.A project involves a sequence of activities that areperformed to achieve a specific goal. The project iscomposed of several tasks that can overlap, precede,follow, or occur simultaneously.Typically, as shown in figure 4-1, you would list thetasks required to complete the project down the left sideof the chart. This could also show to whom the task hasbeen delegated.4-9
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