terrain, and some even may have made it their home. With varying degrees of effort, they managed to adjust to the terrain, climate, and en- vironment. Your problem is you are not prepared to live there; you never expected your plane to crash-land in a jungle or some other remote area. Remember your goal in a survival situation ashore is to get back to friendly forces. If you are isolated in an enemy area, you have the major problem of avoiding the enemy (evasion). If you are captured, you have the problem of surviving the prisoner-of-war (POW) camp. Evasion In a survival situation within enemy territory, you must focus on evasion of the enemy. Therefore, you need to know the two methods the enemy uses to detect your presence: 1. Observation by specially trained and equip- ped observation teams. The teams may be situated on high terrain to scan the area with a variety of detection devices, such as binoculars, telescopes, and sound-detection equipment. 2.  The  use  of  dogs,  foot  patrols,  and mechanized units to patrol a given area. Such teams physically search an area for signs of evaders and escapees, such as footprints, cold campfires, or discarded or lost equipment. One way you can protect yourself and your group from the eyes of the enemy is by using camouflage. Camouflage is a major evasion tac- tic used to hide an object, personnel, or equip- ment. Camouflage permits you to see without being seen. If you are in charge of a large group hiding from the enemy, first break the group into many small groups. Small groups are easier to conceal. The enemy may estimate your location from your actual movements or from physical signs left when you moved through an area. Your position; shape; shadow; or color of equipment, vehicles, or per- sons can also reveal your location in the follow- ing ways: POSITION: An observer can easily see the place of concealment if a person or an object doesn’t blend in with the back- ground. When you choose a position for concealment, use a background that will absorb personnel or an object. SHAPE: At a distance, an observer can recognize the form or outline of an object before the details can be seen. When transiting from area to area, use available cover, such as bushes, trees, and rock formations, to distort your shape. SHADOW: Since shadows may be more revealing than the object itself, place objects in the shadows of other objects to make them easier to overlook. COLOR: Contrast between the color of an object and its background makes a person or object easily visible. The greater the con- trast in color, the greater the visibility. Therefore, as a general principle, the camouflage should match the darker and medium light colors of the background. Using vegetation and other materials found locally to screen and stain equip- ment makes it blend into the background. Moonlit nights require the same precau- tions as those used in daylight. Conceal your presence when traveling by using screens, backgrounds, and shadows to the fullest advantage. Under favorable conditions enemy observers can see as far as 100 yards in open woods. Since even a dark night furnishes shadows, choose a route that provides a concealing background and avoids the skyline. On bright, moonlit nights the shadows along the edge of the woods make the best route. Sound gives an amplified, revealing signal at night. Move care- fully, quietly, and close to the ground. In areas of light undergrowth, take the route farthest into the woods for safety. Heavier undergrowth is an obstacle to movement. Therefore, when rapid movement is more impor- tant than full concealment, travel along the out- side edge of the woods. Although concealing your presence is of major importance, the most common deterrent to suc- cessful evasion is a negative attitude. If you have a positive attitude, you have the natural tendency to take positive action. A negative attitude may be caused by, related to, or a lack of the fol- lowing: Patience Common sense Flexibility Resourcefulness Security 6-17