organizations were created to oversee particularactivities of central importance to the Navy. Someof these organizations were intelligence, security,telecommunications, weather, oceanography,education and training, and Naval Reserves.Although it is larger and more complex, today’sDepartment of the Navy still retains one aspectof the 1798 organization. That aspect is thedivision of the operating forces from the ShoreEstablishment. The division between the operatingforces and the Shore Establishment becamesharper through the 1949 amendment to the 1947National Security Act. The amendment placed theoperating forces of the Navy and other servicesinto unified and specified commands. Bothcommands are under an operational chain ofcommand to the Secretary of Defense (SECDEF)and the President.NAVY RELATIONSHIP TO THEDEPARTMENT OF DEFENSEWith the establishing of the DOD, the unifiedand specified combatant commands began. Thesecommands have broad continuing missions andconsist of operating forces.Unified commands consist of operating forcesof two or more services or components. Anexample of a unified command is the PacificCommand headed by the Commander in Chief,Pacific (CINCPAC). Component commandsof CINCPAC are the Navy’s Pacific Fleet(PACFLT); area Army Command (USARPAC);area Air Force Command (PACAF); and FleetMarine Force, Pacific (FMFPAC).Specified commands consist of operatingforces from only one service. An example of aspecified command is the Strategic Air Command.It consists only of forces from the U.S. Air Force.CHAIN OF COMMAND FOR COMBATFORCESThe Secretary of Defense exercises two linesof control over the combatant forces of themilitary departments: operational and adminis-trative (fig. 1-2). The operational chain ofcommand extends from the President to theSECDEF through the Joint Chiefs of Staff tothe commanders of the unified and specifiedcommands and then to the operating forces. Theadministrative chain of command extends fromthe President to the SECDEF to the secretariesof the individual military departments. It thenextends from the military departments throughtheir respective service channels to the operatingforces. The administrative chain oversees thetraining, readiness, administration, and supportof the operating forces.The chiefs of individual services, such as theCNO, have no direct operational authority withinFigure 1-2.-Organizational relationship of the Department of the Navy to the Department of Defense.1-3
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