REVIEW 1 ANSWERS A1. The United States Navy was formed because the Second  Continental  Congress  realized  that the survival of the colonies as independent from England depended on the formation of naval forces. A2.  During the late 18th century, battleships were classified as  ships-of-the-line. A3. The  craft  developed  in  1775  was   a  warfare submarine, named the Turtle, and invented by David Bushnell. A4. This raid was the  first amphibious operation carried  out  by  the  American  Navy  and Marines. A5.  The first official recognition of the American Stars and Stripes flag by a foreign nation was given by (a)  France  (b) to the  USS  Ranger. REVIEW 2 ANSWERS A1. After  the  Revolutionary  War,   the  U.S.  Navy defended America’s small merchant ship fleet from the Barbary pirates. A2.  Between the Revolutionary War and the War of 1812, the U.S. Navy was involved with the— a.   Quasi War with France  and b.   Barbary States War. A3. Lord Nelson said that the operation executed by LT  Stephen  Decatur  and  84  seamen  by slipping  into  the  harbor  of  Tripoli  and burning the captured frigate Philadelphia was “one of the most bold and daring acts of the age.” A4.  Two actions of the U.S. Navy during the War of 1812 were— a.   The  sea  battle  between  the  American frigate USS   Constitution   and the British frigate Guerriere  and b.   The  victory  of  Captain  Oliver  Hazard Perry over the British squadron on Lake Erie. A5.  During the Mexican-American War, the Navy blockaded the port cities on the Gulf  and the “Mosquito Fleet” provided protective action during  the  first  large-scale  amphibious operation in U.S. military history. REVIEW 3 ANSWERS A1.  During the last part of the 19th century, naval developments included— a.   Introduction of ironclad ships b.   Introduction  of  riverboats,  rams,  and gunboats c.   Development of submarines d.   Construction  of  steeled-hull  protected cruisers, signaling the end of the ironclads e.   Development of self-propelled torpedo and long-range torpedo boats f.   Development  of  the  internal  combustion engine for ships A2.  After developing the ironclad, the Confederate Navy developed the  submarine. A3. During the Civil War   Battle  of  Mobile  bay, Admiral  Farragut    gave  order,  “Damn  the torpedoes! Full speed ahead.” A4.  Alfred  T.  Mahan  influenced  naval  strategy through  his  books  that  stressed  the  idea  that without control of the seas, a nation couldn’t expect  victory.  He  was  one  of  the  first instructors  at  the  Naval  War  College  and shared his knowledge on sea power and the importance of understanding naval needs. A5.  The  Spanish-American  war  began  when  the Maine   was blown up and 250 Sailors were killed. A6. Commander George Dewey  was instrumental in quickly ending the Spanish-American War. REVIEW 4 ANSWERS A1. The development of  airplanes  occurred at this time. A2. The U.S. Navy was deployed to  stop German U-boats from practicing unrestricted warfare and terrorizing the seas. A3. During this war,  destroyers were used as the main defense against German U-boats. They 5-39