CHAPTER 13 CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, AND RADIOLOGICAL DEFENSE

CHAPTER COMPREHENSIVE TEST-Cont. - 12018_429

CHEMICAL WARFARE - 12018_431

Basic Military Requirements (BMR) - Requirement for military advancement
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CHAPTER 13 CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, AND RADIOLOGICAL DEFENSE As a member of the Navy, you need a good working knowledge of chemical, biological, and radiological defense (CBR-D). CBR-D is defined as defensive measures taken against the effects of a chemical, a biological, or a nuclear weapons attack. Training in defensive measures lets the command maintain operational readiness and complete its mission. Throughout history, countries and factions have developed and used chemical, biological, and radiological (CBR) warfare. In WWI, chlorine gas was used, which forced the development of the gas mask. In WWII, nuclear weapons were used for the first time. During WWII, many nations began developing chemical and biological agents as a warfare tool. More recently, a nerve agent was used in Japan’s subway system, and blister agents were used on the Kurds during the Iraq and Iran war. The use of CBR clearly demonstrates the need for a positive defensive posture within our Navy. United States national policy prohibits our being the first to use chemical agents against an attacking nation. The approval for our initial use of chemical weapons must come from the President of the United States. The United States will not use biological agents, including toxins, regardless of source or manner of production, or other methods of biological warfare under any circumstances. The United States strictly limits its biological and toxin research program to defensive measures, such as production of vaccines, antidotes, treatment, and protective equipment. An aggressive nation might decide using a chemical or biological (CB) weapon first is to its advantage, perhaps as a surprise attack. Therefore, all members of the U.S. Navy must be highly trained in CBR-D. CBR-D training allows Navy units to survive CBR attacks and continue to fight and defend their ship or unit under CBR-contaminated conditions. The need for training in CBR-D is never ending. The Navy has developed and continues to develop different countermeasures against many possible CBR applications that an enemy might think of. Because p o s s i b l e e n e m i e s c o n t i n u a l l y d ev e l o p C B R applications, training programs using information about the greatest CBR threats are developed to train naval personnel. These programs include disaster preparedness drills and personnel qualification standards (PQS). Don’t take this training lightly; it may save your life. CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, AND NUCLEAR WARFARE OPERATIONS Learning Objectives: When you finish this chapter, you will be able to— R e c o g n i z e c h e m i c a l , b i o l o g i c a l , a n d radiological (CBR) attack methods. Recognize the need for CBR defense. Identify terms used with CBR. The primary purpose of nuclear weapons is the mass destruction of targets and personnel. The primary purpose of biological and chemical attacks is the mass casualties of personnel, livestock, and/or crops. These weapons are called weapons of mass destruction because they destroy large areas or kill and disable large segments of the population. 13-1 If we do not stem the proliferation of the world’s deadliest weapons, no democracy can feel secure... One of our most urgent priorities must be attacking the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, whether they are nuclear, chemical or biological. —President Bill Clinton 1993

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