The pupils of the eyes are usually dilated(enlarged).A conscious person in shock may complain ofthirst and have a feeling of weakness, faintness, ordizziness. The victim may feel nauseous, restless,frightened, and/or anxious. As shock deepens, thesesigns gradually disappear and the victim becomes lessand less responsive to what is going on. Even pain maynot arouse the shock victim. Finally, the victim maybecome unconscious.You will not likely see all the symptoms of shock inany one case. Some of them may appear only in latestages of shock when the disturbance of the blood flowhas become so great that the person’s life is in seriousdanger. Sometimes the signs of shock may be disguisedby other signs of the injury. You must know whatsymptoms indicate the presence of shock, but don’t everwait for symptoms to develop before beginning thetreatment for shock. Remember, every seriouslyinjured person is likely to develop serious shock!PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OFSHOCKYou should begin treatment for shock as soon aspossible. Prompt treatment may prevent shock or, if ithas already developed, prevent its reaching a criticalpoint. Keep the victim lying down and warm. Ifconscious, the victim should be encouraged and assuredthat expert medical help will arrive soon.Keep an injured person warm enough forcomfort, but do not let the victim becomeoverheated.The best position to use to prevent or to treat shockis one that encourages the flow of blood to the brain. Ifpossible, place the injured person on his or her back on abed, a cot, or a stretcher. Raise the lower end of thesupport about 12 inches so that the feet are higher thanthe head (fig. 14-15). If you can’t do that and it’spossible, raise the feet and legs enough to help the bloodflow to the brain. Sometimes it’s possible to takeadvantage of a natural slope of ground and place thevictim so that the head is lower than the feet.Of course in every case, you’ll have to considerwhat type of injury is present before you can decide onthe best position. Here are some examples:If a person has a chest wound, he/she may haveso much trouble breathing that you will have toraise the head slightly.If the face is flushed, rather than pale, or if youhave any reason to suspect a head injury, don’traise the feet. Instead, you should keep the headlevel with or slightly higher than the feet.If the person has broken bones, you will have tojudge what position would be best both for thefractures and for shock. A fractured spine mustbe immobilized before the victim is moved at all,if further injuries are to be avoided.If you have any doubts about the correct position touse, have the victim lie flat on his/her back. The basicposition for treating shock is one in which the head islower than the feet. Do the best you can under theparticular circumstances to get the injured person intothis position. In any case, never let a seriously injuredperson sit, stand, or walk around.Administer liquids sparingly, and not at all ifmedical attention will be available within a short time. Ifnecessary, small amounts of warm water, tea, or coffeemay be given to a victim who is conscious. Personshaving serious burns are an exception. Burn victimsrequire large amounts of fluids. Water, tea, fruit juices,and sugar water may be given freely to a victim who isconscious, able to swallow, and has no internal injuries.Slightly salted water is also beneficial. Never givealcohol to a person in shock.An injured person may or may not be in pain. Theamount of pain felt depends in part on the person’sphysical condition and the type of injury. Extreme pain,if not relieved, can increase the degree of shock. Make14-15Student Notes:Figure 14-15.—Position for the treatment of shock.
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