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CLOSED COMPARTMENTS AND UNVENTED SPACES - 14325_543
SOLVENTS

Basic Military Requirements (BMR) Revised Edition
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communications and to watch to see that you are not overcome. Symptoms of bad air include the following: Labored breathing Excessive fatigue from slight exertion Headaches Dizziness If you feel any of these symptoms, warn others and get to fresh air immediately. A more dangerous situation occurs if there is very little  or  no  oxygen  in  a  compartment.  In  this  case,  a person can lose consciousness almost immediately and without warning. If this happens and you’re tending the person,  don’t  enter  the  space  without  wearing  an oxygen  breathing  apparatus  (OBA).  If  you  do,  you’ll become a casualty yourself. Always summon (call for) help before making a rescue attempt. Another hazard of working in closed compartments or connected spaces is the use of internal combustion engines in these spaces. For example, if a P-100 pump for  fire  fighting  or  dewatering  is  used  in  a  closed compartment, the engine used to drive the pump takes in the air through the carburetor and exhausts poisonous carbon  monoxide.  If  you  need  to  use  an  internal combustion  engine  in  a  closed  space,  make  sure  the exhaust is carried (vented) to the open atmosphere. REVIEW 5 QUESTIONS Q1.   Where do most accidents involving steam occur? Q2.   Describe the reason why you should never enter a closed space until its certified by the gas free engineer. Q3.   List the symptoms caused by bad air. a. b. c. d. FLAMMABLES Rules  for  preventing  fuel  fires  were  presented  in chapter  13  of  this  manual.  Our  discussion  here  will include  fire  hazards  and  toxic  hazards  of  flammable materials and applicable safety precautions. The vapors of petroleum products cause anesthetic effects  when  inhaled.  Breathing  air  where  petroleum vapors  have  a  concentration  of  only  0.1  percent  by volume can result in the inability to walk straight after only   4   minutes.   Longer   exposure   or   greater concentration  may  cause  unconsciousness  or  death. When lead is added to the fuel, toxicity is increased. The lead may be inhaled or it may be absorbed through the skin. Proper ventilation, therefore, must be provided at all times when personnel are working in fuel tanks. An air-line  respirator  is  recommended  when  personnel enter such spaces. Symptoms  of  exposure  to  toxic  vapors  are headache, nausea, and dizziness. If you are working in a space that formerly held oil, gasoline, or other fuels and you experience these symptoms, get to fresh air at once. Recovery is usually prompt in fresh air; but if you are overcome  by  the  vapors,  you  may  require  immediate medical attention. First-aid measures are to prevent the victim  from  becoming  chilled  and  to  administer artificial ventilation if breathing has stopped. All  fuel  spills  must  be  wiped  up  immediately  to prevent  the  spread  of  vapors  to  a  possible  ignition source. Never use gasoline for cleaning purposes, and avoid  getting  gasoline  on  the  skin.  Repeated  contact causes drying, chapping, and cracking and may cause infection. 19-10 Student Notes:







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