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EFFECTS OF POLLUTION - 14325_12

Basic Military Requirements (BMR) Revised Edition
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1-1 CHAPTER 1 POLICIES AND PROGRAMS What is a policy or a program? A policy is an overall plan that contains general goals and broad guidelines. Policy usually establishes the end to be attained, not the means of getting there. A program is a plan or system under which action may be taken towards a goal. Programs provide the  means  to reach the  end  (goal) stated by the policy. In other words, policies tell where to go; programs tell how to get there. This chapter covers some of the policies and programs of the U. S. Navy. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION CONTROL Learning  Objectives:  When you finish this chapter, you will be able to— Identify  the  need  for  environmental  pollution control  to  include  the  sources  and  effects (natural, historical, archeological, physical, and biological) of pollution. Recognize  the  Navy  programs  for  pollution control to include the Clean Air Act, Clean Water Act, and Noise Prevention Ashore. The  Navy’s  ability  to  accomplish  its  mission requires  daily  operations  in  land,  sea,  and  air environments.  The  Navy  is  committed  to  operating ships and shore facilities in a manner compatible with the environment. National defense and environmental protection are and must be compatible goals. Therefore, an important part of the Navy’s mission is to prevent pollution,  protect  the  environment,  and  conserve natural, historic, and cultural resources. To accomplish this mission element, personnel must be aware of the environmental  and  natural  resources  laws  and regulations that have been established by federal, state, and  local  governments.  The  Navy  chain  of  command must provide leadership and a personal commitment to ensure that all Navy personnel develop and exhibit an environmental protection ethic. Environmental  pollution  is  the  altering  of  the natural environment in an adverse way. Pollution can result  from  the  presence  of  chemical,  physical,  or biological agents in the air, water, or soil. Some of the worst   effects   of   pollution   are   economic   loss (agricultural  and  industrial),  fewer  recreational opportunities,  and  the  marring  of  the  earth’s  natural beauty. Pollutants affect human health and comfort, fish and  wildlife,  plant  life,  water  resources,  physical structures,   and   equipment.   In   other   words, environmental  pollution  results  from  any  substance added to our water, air, or land that makes it less fit for use by plants, animals, or human beings. SOURCES OF POLLUTION Nature contributes to pollution by eroding the soil causing  silt  to  build  up  in  streams  and  by  volcanic eruptions that pollute the atmosphere. However, people cause most pollution problems in the world. The main sources  of  pollutants  are  agricultural,  industrial, municipal, and transportation operations. Agricultural  pollutants  include  insecticides, herbicides, pesticides, natural and chemical fertilizers, drainage  from  animal  feedlots,  salts  from  field irrigation, and silts from uncontrolled soil erosion. Industrial  operations  produce  a  wide  variety  of pollutants.  Industrial  pollutants  include  acids  from mines  and  factories,  thermal  discharges  from  power plants,  and  radioactive  wastes  from  mining  and processing certain ores. Industries create pollutants by producing food, chemicals, metals, petroleum products, and poisons, as well as countless other by-products of our country’s technology. The  primary  municipal  pollutants  are  raw  or inadequately   treated   sewage.   Other   municipal pollutants  include  refuse,  storm-water  overflows,  and salts used on streets in wintertime. Transportation pollutants include emissions from aircraft, trains, waterborne vessels, and cars and trucks. Motor  vehicles  create  most  of  our  air  pollutants through  their  release  of  unburned  fuel  vapors (hydrocarbons).  Oil  becomes  a  pollutant  when  ships When you cease to make a contribution, you begin to die. —Eleanor Roosevelt







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