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Figure 14-3.Position for cardiac compression
Figure 14-5.Position for standing abdominal thrust

Basic Military Requirements (BMR) Revised Edition
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When one rescuer performs CPR, as shown in figure 14-4, the ratio of compressions to ventilations is 15 compressions to 2 ventilations (or 15 to 2). This ratio must continue for four full cycles. Then check for pulse and breathing. If there are still no signs of recovery, continue CPR until the victim can breathe unassisted or you are relieved by medical personnel. Before reviewing the next technique, let’s go over the  steps  to  take  in  an  unwitnessed  cardiac  arrest involving one rescuer. 1.   Determine whether the victim is conscious. 2.   Check the vital signs. 3.   Ventilate four times. (You may have to remove an airway obstruction at this time.) 4.   Again check the vital signs; if none— a    Begin compression-ventilation rate of 15 to 2 for four complete cycles; b.   Check pulse, breathing, pupils; if no change, c.   Continue  compression—ventilation  rate  of 15 to 2 until victim is responsive or you are relieved by medical personnel. TWO-RESCUER TECHNIQUE If two people trained in CPR are on the scene, one performs  compressions  while  the  other  performs artificial ventilation. The compression-ventilation ratio for two-person CPR is 5 compressions to 1 ventilation (5 to 1). One rescuer is positioned at the chest area and the other beside the victim’s head. The rescuers should be on opposite sides of the victim. To avoid confusion, one rescuer is designated the leader. The leader makes the preliminary checks of the victim’s  vital  signs  and  performs  the  initial  four ventilations.  The  second  rescuer  will  perform  the compressions. When CPR is started, the compressions should be given  in  a  constant,  methodical  rhythm.  The  rescuer giving the compressions counts them out loud. As the fifth  compression  is  released,  the  other  rescuer ventilates  the  victim.  Do  not  stop  the  compressions while ventilation is being given. AIRWAY BLOCKAGE Learning Objective: When you finish this chapter, you will be able to— Recall  the  procedures  used  to  clear  an  airway passage. Obstruction  in  the  upper  airway  (throat)  is  often caused by attempting to chew food and talk at the same time. One of the most reliable indications of an airway obstruction is the inability of the victim to speak. Other indicators are the victim’s grasping or pointing at his or her throat, exaggerated breathing efforts, and the skin turning  a  bluish  color.  Your  first  action  upon encountering a victim with this problem is to clear the mouth of any food particles, foreign objects, or loose dentures. If that is not effective, you should use one of the following procedures: 14-6 Student Notes: Figure 14-4.—One-rescuer CPR technique.







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